How restrictive are Medicare Advantage plans?

Now that 51% of Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage (MA), one key question is how restrictive are MA narrow networks? While beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service can choose any provider, MA plans can impose restrictions on enrollee’s provider choices. Measuring how restrictive an MA plan is, however, is difficult because “restrictiveness” is a…

Inequities in exposure to copay accumulator programs

Copay cards are somewhat controversial. These cards or coupons are used to help patients afford copayments and deductible payments patients owe when using pharmaceuticals. On the one hand, these programs are highly beneficial for patients. Patient out-of-pocket costs have risen dramatically in recent years, even among the insured. For instance, whereas only 7% of workers…

Insurance Obstacles in America

As reported based on a N.Y. Times/KFF survey: A majority of Americans with health insurance said they had encountered obstacles to coverage, including denied medical care, higher bills and a dearth of doctors in their plans… About 40 percent of those surveyed said they had delayed or gone without care in the last year because…

White vs. Brown vs. Clear Bagging

In 2020, spending on specialty drugs was $265 billion; this constituted 49.6% of total prescription drug expenditure. To combat rising costs, payers have turned to white, brown and clear bagging as well as approaches to restrict the site of care where patients receive specialty drugs. What are these “bagging” policies, what are the pros and…

Do narrow networks save money?

According to a recent paper by Wallace (2023), the answer is ‘yes’, but it does so in a highly inefficient manner. Using 2008-2012 Medicaid data from the New York State Department of Health, the author find that: Leveraging the random assignment of over 50,000 Medicaid enrollees in New York, I present causal evidence that narrower…

ICER’s 2022 “Barriers to Fair Access Assessment” Protocol

How does ICER plan to determine whether health plans offer fair access to pharmaceuticals? I summarized their approach last year as outlined in their white paper titled “Cornerstones of ‘Fair’ Drug Coverage: Appropriate Cost-Sharing and Utilization Management Policies for Pharmaceuticals.” Last month, final protocol for their “Barriers to Fair Access Assessment“. While the approach follows…

How can physicians earn a ‘gold card’?

Prior authorization is a pain. A paper by Howell et al. (2021) found that the total cost of various utilization management schemes is $93.3 billion of which physicians devote $26.7 billion worth of time to navigate utilization management systems. Payers would argue that prior authorization helps to control costs and stop the prescribing of unnecessary…