The rise in fabricated citations

From a Topaz et al. (2026) paper in The Lancet reviewing citations across 2.5 peer-reviewed papers in PubMed: Among 97·1 million verified references, we identified 4046 fabricated references across 2810 papers (illustrative examples are shown in the appendix p 5–6). In 2023, approximately one in 2828 papers contained at least one fabricated reference. By 2025,…

Why don’t patients price shop for healthcare?

Stuart Figueroa provides some insights in his Incidental Economist article: To start, price shopping is inconvenient. It requires the consumer to invest time and energy in finding a provider, oftentimes having to navigate provider directories that are inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated. Price shopping is also hampered by the mere fact that health insurance is complicated and…

Does biosimilar entry reduce cost for patients?

Biosimilars aim to be lower cost options for biologic therapies after loss of exclusivity. A key question is whether these cost savings get passed through to patients via lower out-of-pocket costs. A paper by Dayer et al. (2026) aims to answer this question using 2011-2023 Merative MarketScan Commercial claims data. The authors observed: …significant patient…

Are drug prices value-based?

One of the central tensions in pharmaceutical policy is the gap between what a drug is worth and what it actually costs. In theory, a drug’s price should reflect its value — its ability to improve health outcomes relative to the next best alternative. In practice, list prices are set by manufacturers, net prices are shaped by opaque…