Unbiased Analysis of Today's Healthcare Issues
Medicare Part D plans have begun using preferred pharmacy networks in order to steer their beneficiaries to lower cost pharmacies. A key question is, does this work? A paper by Xu et al. (2022) aims to answer this question using 2011-2016 data. that compares Low Income Subsidy (LIS) Medicare beneficiaries and non-LIS beneficiaries. LIS beneficiaries…
Since its inception in 2006, Medicare Part D beneficiaries had to contend with the dreaded “doughnut hole”. The “doughnut hole” is a coverage gap during which patients were required to pay 100% of treatment cost. To help defray some of these costs, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) implemented provisions to reduce the…
If you are on Medicare, how much will you pay for insulin? The answer is in the graph below (via MedPAC’s Payment Basics) Seem confusing? Well it is. Medicare Part D beneficiaries have a deductible, then the standard coverage phase with 25% cost sharing, then a coverage gap where beneficiaries pay 25% of cost (manufacturers…
How does Medicare cover vaccines? Are the paid for by Medicare Part B or Part D? MedPAC’s June 2021 report provides a nice overview. Medicare covers vaccines under Part B and Part D. Part B covers vaccines for influenza, pneumococcal disease, hepatitis B (for patients at high or intermediate risk), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),…
That is the question that a recent study by Tisdale et al. (2021) aim to answer. They first look at the top 250 Medicare Part D drugs in terms 2016 total spending based on the 2016 Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File. Drug characteristics were identified from the 2016 FDA Orange Book. The authors…
Medicare beneficiaries are largely elderly individuals, many of whom suffer from a variety of health conditions. Pharmaceutical manufacturers want these patients and their physicians to be aware of new medical treatments that become available (i.e., new approvals) as well as new uses for existing drugs (i.e., new FDA indications). Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) is one way…
In general, you would think the answer is no. If there are multiple treatments available, patients have more choice. Further, the treatments may need to compete with one another which may lead to lower prices. One issue with drug prices is that the the list (a.k.a. gross) price affects patient cost-sharing, but the net price…
Medicare Part D has a confusing benefit system. Prior to 2011, patients had a deductible, then a general coverage benefit (with 25% coinsurance) then a donut hole (with no coverage) and then catastrophic insurance (with a 5%) copayment. When the Affordable Care Act passed, it aimed to fill the donut hole. Beginning in 2011, Part…
A number of different federal agencies buy prescription drugs. However, the price at which these pharmaceuticals are purchased varies dramatically. To quantify this variation, a 2021 report from the Congressional Budget Office examines the following prices: Medicare Part D: the prescription drug program for Medicare beneficiaries. Prices are set when private insurers (or pharmacy benefit…
Medicare Part D covers prescription drugs for largely elderly Americans in the U.S. Those who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid receive Part D drug coverage with no premiums and reduced copayments through the low-income subsidy program (LIS). Although federal and state government pays for about 6 out of every 7 dollars of the Part…