Risk Adjustment and Incentives for Upcoding in Medicare

To account for differences in disease burden across a Medicare Advantage (MA) plans patient population, uses risk adjustment based on patient disease burden. Specifically, MedPAC notes that: Medicare uses beneficiaries’ characteristics, such as age and prior health conditions, and a risk-adjustment model—the CMS hierarchical condition categories (CMS– HCCs)—to develop a measure of their expected relative…

The CMS HCC Model

The CMS-HCC risk adjustment model is used to adjust payments for Part C benefits offered by MA plans and Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) organizations to aged/disabled beneficiaries. The CMS-HCC model includes both diseases and demographic factors. There are separate sets of coefficients for beneficiaries in the community, beneficiaries in long term care…